Chapter 1  Introduction to Computers

1.1  What is a Computer

1.2  History

1.2.1  First Generation (1944-1958): Vacuum Tubes

1.2.2  Second Generation (1959-1963): Transistors

1.2.3  Third Generation (1964-1970): Integrated Circuits

1.2.4  Fourth Generation (1971-present): Microprocessors

1.3  Categories

1.3.1  Personal Computers

1.3.2  Workstations

1.3.3  Minicomputers

1.3.4  Mainframe Computers

1.3.5  Supercomputers

1.4  Future Developments

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Chapter 2  Computer System Organization

2.1  CPU

2.1.1  Arithmetic and Logic Unit

2.1.2  Control Unit

2.1.3  Register Set

2.2  Memory Subsystem

2.2.1  RAM

2.2.2  ROM

2.3  I/O Subsystem

2.3.1  Input Devices

2.3.2  Output Devices

2.3.3  Other I/O Devices

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Chapter 3  Computer Software

3.1  System Software

3.2  Application Software

3.2.1  Productivity Software

3.2.2  Business Software

3.3  Different Forms of Software

3.4  Software Development Life Cycle

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Chapter 4  Operating System

4.1  Components

4.1.1  Shell

4.1.2  Kernel

4.2  Features

4.3  Types

4.4  Examples

4.4.1  Windows

4.4.2  UNIX

4.4.3  Linux

4.4.4  Mac OS

4.4.5  Mobile Operating System

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Chapter 5  Programming and Languages

5.1  Programming Languages

5.1.1  Machine Languages

5.1.2  Assembly Languages

5.1.3  Third-generation Languages

5.1.4  Fourth-generation Languages

5.1.5  Natural Languages

5.2  Object-oriented Programming

5.2.1  Basic Concepts

5.2.2  OOP Language

5.3  Visual Programming

5.4  Web Programming

5.4.1  HTML

5.4.2  Java

5.4.3  JavaScript

5.4.4  XML

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Chapter 6  Database

6.1  Data

6.1.1  Data Integrity

6.1.2  Data Security

6.2  Database Management System

6.2.1  Components

6.2.2  Data Abstraction

6.3  Data Models

6.3.1  Object-based Logical Models

6.3.2  Record-based Logical Models

6.4  Structured Query Language

6.4.1  Data Definition Language

6.4.2  Data Manipulation Language

6.5  Data Mining

6.5.1  Data Warehouse

6.5.2  Data Mining

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Chapter 7  Computer Network

7.1  Types

7.1.1  Local Area Network

7.1.2  Metropolitan Area Network

7.1.3  Wide Area Network

7.1.4  Internetwork

7.2  Topologies

7.2.1  Star Network

7.2.2  Bus Network

7.2.3  Ring Network

7.2.4  Hybrid Network

7.2.5  Mesh Network

7.3  Models

7.3.1  OSI Reference Model

7.3.2  TCP/IP Reference Model

7.4  Networking Devices

7.4.1  Hub

7.4.2  Repeater

7.4.3  Bridge

7.4.4  Switch

7.4.5  Router

7.4.6  Network Card

7.5  Wireless Network

7.5.1  Wireless Transmission

7.5.2  Wireless LAN

7.5.3  Issues

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Chapter 8  Internet

8.1  Internet Addressing

8.1.1  IP Address

8.1.2  DNS

8.1.3  Address Resolution Mechanism

8.2  Internet Services

8.2.1  World Wide Web

8.2.2  FTP

8.2.3  E-mail

8.2.4  Telnet

8.3  Access to Internet

8.3.1  Dial-up Connection

8.3.2  ISDN

8.3.3  DSL

8.3.4  Cable TV Internet Connection

8.3.5  Satellite Internet Connection

8.3.6  Wireless Internet Connection

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Chapter 9  Computer Security

9.1  Basic Components

9.1.1  Confidentiality

9.1.2  Integrity

9.1.3  Availability

9.2  Threats and Attacks

9.2.1  Snooping

9.2.2  Modification

9.2.3  Masquerading

9.2.4  Repudiation of Origin

9.2.5  Denial of Service

9.3  Security Strategy

9.3.1  Prevention

9.3.2  Detection

9.3.3  Recovery

9.4  Measures to Protect Computer Security

9.4.1  Encryption

9.4.2  Restricting Access

9.4.3  Anticipating Disasters

9.4.4  Backup1

9.5  Malware

9.5.1  Types of Malware

9.5.2  Combating Malware

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Chapter 10  Cloud Computing

10.1  Introduction

10.2  Technologies

10.2.1  Virtualization

10.2.2  Service-oriented Architecture

10.2.3  Grid Computing

10.2.4  Utility Computing

10.3  Models

10.3.1  Deployment Models

10.3.2  Service Models

10.4  Architecture

10.5  Mobile Cloud Computing

10.5.1  Enabling Technologies

10.5.2  Issues

10.6  Challenges

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Chapter 11  Internet of Things

11.1  Introduction

11.2  Key Technologies

11.2.1  RFID

11.2.2  Sensor Network

11.2.3  Machine-to-Machine Communication

11.3  Architecture

11.4  Applications

11.4.1  Information and Analysis

11.4.2  Automation and Control

11.5  Challenges

11.5.1  Technical Issues

11.5.2  Security Concerns

11.5.3  Social and Legal Concerns

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Chapter 12  Electronic Commerce

12.1  Introduction

12.2  Types

12.2.1  B2B

12.2.2  B2C

12.2.3  B2G

12.2.4  C2C

12.2.5  M-commerce

12.3  Enabling Forces

12.3.1  Economic Forces

12.3.2  Market Forces

12.3.3  Technology Forces

12.4  Challenges

12.4.1  Technology Challenges

12.4.2  Social and Culture Challenges

12.4.3  Management Challenges

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